在Ubuntu7.10中安装中文语言支持(附软件更新源)

这儿已经很全了，只是刚开始没找到而已：http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97/GutsyGibbon&variant=zh-cn#.E4.BF.AE.E6.94.B9.E6.BA.90.E5.B9.B6.E6.9B.B4.E6.96.B0.E4.BD.A0.E7.9A.84.28k.2Fx.2Fed.29ubuntu

1.首先设置软件源，在软件源选项界面中，第一标签选择Canonical，第二标签中勾选第一个更新源（可以先PING一下测试哪个源速度最快）。
2.进入System->Language Support在下拉列表中选中“chinese”，系统默认也设为“chinse”，即开始下载安装。
3.如果提示找不到ISO文件，可mount上。
sudo mount -o loop /media/sda1/Ubuntu/ubuntu7.10-alternate-i386.iso /dev/cdrom
这里设置的sda1是因为硬盘主分区下的Ubuntu目录内放置有ISO文件，如果在其它位置，相应修改之。

附更新源的步骤
1.打开终端方法：
按下ALT+F2 -> gnome-terminal -> 运行          #(ed)ubuntu
按下ALT+F2 -> konsole -> 运行                 #Kubuntu
按下ALT+F2 -> xfce4-terminal -> 运行          #xubuntu
在终端执行命令
2.备份当前的源列表，以便日後需要时恢复：
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup
3.编辑源列表
gksu gedit /etc/apt/sources.list             #(ed)ubuntu
kdesu kate /etc/apt/sources.list             #kubuntu
gksu mousepad /etc/apt/sources.list          #xubuntu
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list               #通用
4.从以下各服务器列表内容中选择一段替换文件中的所有内容，为防止非官方源中软件包不全的问题，请在sources.list文件中尾部添加一组官方源。

#Archive.ubuntu.com更新服务器（欧洲，此为官方源，电信网通用户使用)：
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

#Ubuntu.cn99.com更新服务器（江苏省常州市电信，推荐电信用户使用）：
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu-cn/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse

#Mirrors.shlug.org更新服务器（电信服务器，Ubuntu China Official Mirror, maintained by Shanghai Linux User Group）：
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

#Mirror.lupaworld.com更新服务器（浙江省杭州市双线服务器）：
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

#厦门大学更新服务器（教育网服务器）：
deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

#成都市 电子科技大学更新服务器（教育网，推荐校园网和网通用户使用）：
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe

#== 如果无法解析uestc.edu.cn域名，请使用以下地址 ==
deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe

#上海市上海交通大学更新服务器（教育网，推荐校园网和网通用户使用）：
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe

#中国科学技术大学更新服务器（教育网，推荐校园网和网通用户使用）：
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe

#北京市清华大学更新服务器（教育网，推荐校园网和网通用户使用）：
deb http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe

#沈阳市东北大学更新服务器（教育网，推荐校园网和网通用户使用）：
deb ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy  main multiverse restricted universe
deb ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe

#中国台湾省台湾大学更新服务器（推荐网通用户使用，电信PING平均响应速度41MS。强烈推荐此源，比较完整，较少出现同步问题）：
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

#Mirror.vmmatrix.net更新服务器（上海市电信，推荐电信网通用户使用）：
deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

#ubuntu.cnsite.org更新服务器（福建省福州市 电信）：
deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

#mirror.rootguide.org更新服务器（上海市 电信）：
deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu-cn/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse

#台湾的官方源速度也相当不错，有时甚至快于内地的：
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

也可以到以下网址自定义产生若干源：
http://www.ubuntulinux.nl/source-o-matic
以下网址有极其全面的源，以供补充：
http://italy.copybase.ch/blog/lista-repository-sourceslist-ottimizzata-per-ubuntu-kubuntu-linux/
官方采集的源列表：
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archivemirrors
保存编辑好的文件，执行以下命令更新
sudo apt-get update    #这一步是更新你的源列表，换源後必须执行
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade   #这一步是更新软件，如果你对新版本软件的需求不是那么迫切，可以不执行
5.设置系统中文环境支持
安装语言包
Kubuntu
主菜单 -> 系统设置 -> 区域与语言 -> 安装新语言 -> Chinese -> 安装
主菜单 -> 系统设置 -> 区域与语言 -> 选择系统语言 -> 简体中文 -> 确定。
相对的命令是:
sudo apt-get install language-pack-kde-zh-base language-pack-kde-zh

Ubuntu:
系统 -> 系统管理 -> 语言支持，在列表中的Chinese条目打勾。
同时将默认语言修改为Chinese（中国）并确定。

如果你设置的是非中文环境，但需要系统提供中文支持，那么请按照以下情况执行命令：
sudo apt-get install kde-i18n-zhcn kde-i18n-zhtw     #kubuntu
sudo apt-get install language-pack-zh                #ubuntu

6.配置字体，使中文看起来更漂亮（可选）
sudo fontconfig-voodoo -f -s zh_CN

7.scim输入法安装及设置
如果您要在非CJK（中日韩）的locales下使用scim，请在终端执行如下命令（如果默认是中文环境不需要这一步，系统已经设置好了）：
sudo apt-get install scim scim-modules-socket scim-modules-table scim-pinyin scim-tables-zh scim-gtk2-immodule im-switch libapt-pkg-perl
sudo gedit /etc/X11/xinit/xinput.d/default加入
XIM=SCIM
XIM_PROGRAM=/usr/bin/scim
XIM_ARGS="-d"
GTK_IM_MODULE=scim
QT_IM_MODULE=scim
DEPENDS="scim,scim-gtk2-immodule | scim-qtimm" 重启Gnome以後生效。
提示：带table的包为输入法码表，安装之後才有除拼音以外的输入法，如五笔、二笔、自然码等，如果你只使用拼音输入法就不用装这些包了。
sudo im-switch -s scim -z default
如果在KDE下面使用scim，建议使用如下设置：
sudo apt-get install im-switch libapt-pkg-perl
sudo im-switch -s scim-xim -z default

Scim输入法的可选设置
注意：gutsy下不建议进行这步操作，尤其在kubuntu下强烈建议不进行这步操作。 默认的scim输入法可能会与realplay、acrobat reader、openoffice等程序有冲突。如果有这样的问题，建议使用scim-bridge替换scim。安装scim-bridge 和scim-qtimm。请确保已正确设置中文环境，打开终端，执行以下命令，或使用《新立得软件管理器》，在其中搜索"scim-bridge"、"scim-qtimm"并标记安装。
sudo apt-get install scim-qtimm
sudo im-switch -s scim
编辑im-switch生成的scim配置文件
gksu gedit /etc/X11/xinit/xinput.d/scim
将默认的 GTK_IM_MODULE=scim 修改为 GTK_IM_MODULE="scim-bridge"。

By Mazrmc
2007.10.22